Mid‐summer fish behavior in a high‐latitude twilight zone

An Analysis of Fish Structure and Behavior during Twilight Transitions

Causal Thinking in the Twilight Zone

To students of causality, the writings of William Cochran provide an excellent and intriguing vantage point for studying how statistics, lacking the necessary mathematical tools, managed nevertheless to cope with increasing demands for policy evaluation from observational studies. Cochran met this challenge in the years 1955-1980, when statistics was preparing for a profound, albeit tortuous tr...

Commentary In an immunological twilight zone

Early in their evolution, perhaps during their transition from Agnatha (jawless fish) to Gnathostomata (jawed animals), vertebrates committed as much as 1% of their proteinencoding genome to a new system of defense against parasites (1). Central to this anticipatory (adaptive) immune system (2) are three types of antigen receptor—immunoglobulin (Ig), T cell receptor (Tcr), and major histocompat...

ConFunc - functional annotation in the twilight zone

MOTIVATION The success of genome sequencing has resulted in many protein sequences without functional annotation. We present ConFunc, an automated Gene Ontology (GO)-based protein function prediction approach, which uses conserved residues to generate sequence profiles to infer function. ConFunc split sets of sequences identified by PSI-BLAST into sub-alignments according to their GO annotation...

The twilight zone of cis element alignments

Sequence alignment of proteins and nucleic acids is a routine task in bioinformatics. Although the comparison of complete peptides, genes or genomes can be undertaken with a great variety of tools, the alignment of short DNA sequences and motifs entails pitfalls that have not been fully addressed yet. Here we confront the structural superposition of transcription factors with the sequence align...